America s Trade Area Of The Americas - 1494 Words

History Latin America is composed of seventeen countries which was colonized by Spain’s and Portugal. They are large in diverse population with four hundred and ninety million people in total. The percentage of the Indian and African that lives in Latin America is basically seventy-five percent just in the cities. The industrial and development grew since the 1960’s; also the free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) proposes to integrate economies of Latin America, North America and the Caribbean (except Cuba). Prisons for quite a long time have been a gateway to try to save society. However, the only thing that it’s doing is hurting the social order. This happens because it creates more problems that are not being treated from the beginning. Crime has become a big problem during these hard times with the poor economy, but it has especially affected Latin America very deeply because of all the problems that overcrowded prisons have brought forward. In Latin America Brazil and Mexico are the two largest and strongest countries that have been affected with having the highest percentage of crimes, inmates in prisons, and concerns with overcrowded prisons. And these increase with the high crime rates in Latin America that are rising due to drug trafficking wars in Brazil and Mexico. Brazil and Argentina are again the two of Latin America’s strongest and largest countries because they make up most of the common market where other nations come to trade, buy goods and buy cashShow MoreRelatedThe Asian And African Trade Systems1565 Words   |  7 Pagesconquerable and primitive. These oversimplified and false statements hide the flourishing cultures in the Pacific s, Africa and Americas that existed before the Europeans started their conquests driven by the lust for power, resources, allies and wealth. The Asian and African trade systems were vital components for the European economy to thrive. The Pacific regions, African regions and Americas were home to vastly diverse and complex cultures. Some of these cultures were forever changed or completelyRead MoreThe Impact Of Latin American Culture On Latin America1656 Words   |  7 PagesImagine being in an active war zone, living in Latin America would be much like that. The war being fought here is very different, instead of fighting another country, they are fighting drugs. Although war is generally a negative thing, this one is not. In this war there are negatives, but the positives far outweigh them. Latin American countries have witnessed the very noticeable benefits of the drug trade in many aspects of everyday life. The use and production of drugs is important to Latin AmericanRead MoreAmerican Imperialism Research Study Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: †¢ Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. †¢ Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. †¢ Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified American imperialist actions? †¢ Identify the current politicalRead MoreThe Role of Regional Integration in Promoting Global Business.1157 Words   |  5 Pagesa means for economic growth for many countries. Throughout this paper we will discuss the promoting of regional integration into the Northern South America region. In addition, the paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of regional integration as it relates to (NAFTA, EU, APEC, ASEAN, CAFTA). Regional Overview The Northern South America region contains two countries Columbia and Venezuela. Both of the countries in this region have a wide array of natural resources that have been exploitedRead MoreEssay about Continuity and Change over Time - 1450s/1750s638 Words   |  3 PagesContinuity/Change Over Time During the 1450’s to 1750’s the Americas were evolving at a constant rate. The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. In addition, forced labor was an important constant throughout the region and was controlled by Spanish and the Inca’s which also allowed for a mixture of culture and ethnicities. South America throughout the time-period fromRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1736 Words   |  7 Pagescreating pieces that move the masses. For an African American artist in the 1920’s, that power was fought for harder and dimmed due the racial inequalities across America. Being acknowledged as a credible artist was equated to being acknowledged as an American during a time where African American citizens were not considered an equal under the law. The Harlem Renaissance, spanning from the mid 1920’s to the late 1930’s, shed light on the excellence within the African American Community. The heart ofRead MoreThe American Journey : A History Of The United States866 Words   |  4 Pagesmid-seventeenth century, Spain, France,England and Dutch all focused on competing for colonies and trade around the world. Beginning in the late fifteenth century, a lot of explorers, conquerors, missionaries, merchants, and adventurers tried to seek new lands to colonize. Hoping to improve economic conditions in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, many Europeans sought new opportunities for trade and settlement overseas. Spain, Portugal, France, and England all want to grasp the political,Read MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt And The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesDuring a 1928 goodwill speech in Latin America, President Herbert Hoover said, â€Å"We have a desire to maintain not only the cordial relations of governments with each other, but also the relations of good neighbors† (United States History). Hence, the Good Neighbor phrase was coined as the Coolidge Administration was criticized for armed intervention in Latin America. The Hoover Administration’s policies were created to strengthen relations with Latin America; for instance the retraction of the TheodoreRead MoreThe Hassles Of The Slave Trade Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesHassles of the Slave Trade. Tyrese Hicks Central High School 11/9/15 5th Period Abstract The slave trade impacted America and the future of the world completely. It killed millions of people and the wars also caused damage to the land. Africans were kidnapped out of their homes and took after wars if they lost. It caused a major drop in population and many people were homeless and starving or hiding from the people who want them as slaves. They were bringing the slaves to America to work for the plantationRead MoreThe War Of 1812867 Words   |  4 Pagesstart of the military action. Jefferson and the Republican vision slashed spending and government all around, leaving the military depleted and operating on Jefferson s â€Å"Gun Boat Diplomacy,† which meant America had just enough boats to protect American coasts but not enough to partake in any offshore activities. This left America vulnerable to the tactics employed by the British when combat resumed between England and France, and the US was involuntarily pulled into the dispute. Jefferson and

The Persian Empire Cyrus the Greats Immense Expansion

At its height, in about 500 BCE, the founding dynasty of the Persian Empire called the Achaemenids conquered Asia as far as the Indus River, Greece, and North Africa including what is now Egypt and Libya. It also included modern-day Iraq (ancient Mesopotamia), Afghanistan, as well as probably modern-day Yemen and Asia Minor. The impact of the expansionism of the Persians was felt in 1935 when Reza Shah Pahlavi changed the name of the country known as Persia to Iran. Eran was what the ancient Persian kings called the people they ruled that we now know as the Persian Empire. The original Persians were Aryan speakers, a linguistic group that encompassed a large number of sedentary and nomadic people of Central Asia. Chronology The beginning of the Persian empire has been set at different times by different scholars, but the real force behind the expansion was Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great (ca. 600–530 BCE). The Persian Empire was the largest in history for the next two centuries until it was conquered by Macedonian adventurer, Alexander the Great, who established an even greater empire, in which Persia was only a part. Historians typically divide the empire into five periods. Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE)Seleucid Empire (330–170 BCE), established by Alexander the Great and also called the Hellenistic PeriodParthian Dynasty (170 BCE–226 CE)Sassanid (or Sasanian) Dynasty (226–651 CE) Dynastic Rulers Achaemenian tomb of Cyrus II, 559-530 BC, on Murghab Plain, restored by Alexander the Great in 324 BC, Pasargadae, Iran.   Christopher Rennie / robertharding / Getty Images Plus Cyrus the Great (ruled 559–530) was the founder of the Achaemenid dynasty. His first capital was at Hamadan (Ecbatana) but eventually moved it to Pasargadae. The Achaemenids created the royal road from Susa to Sardis that later helped the Parthians establish the Silk Road and a postal system. Cyruss son Cambyses II (559–522, r. 530–522 BCE) and then Darius I (also known as Darius the Great, 550–487 BCE, r. 522–487 CCE) further expanded the empire; but when Darius invaded Greece, he started the disastrous Persian War (492–449/448 BCE); after Darius died, his successor Xerxes (519–465, r. 522–465) invaded Greece again. Darius and Xerxes lost the Greco-Persian wars, in effect establishing an empire for Athens, but later Persian rulers continued to interfere in Greek affairs. Artaxerxes II (r. 465–424 BCE), who reigned for 45 years, built monuments and shrines. Then, in 330 BCE, Macedonian Greeks led by Alexander the Great overthrew the final Achaemenid king, Darius III (381–330 BCE). Seleucid, Parthian, Sassanid Dynasties After Alexander died, his empire was broken up into pieces ruled by Alexanders generals known as the Diadochi. Persia was given to his general Seleucus, who established what was called the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucids were all Greek kings who ruled parts of the empire between 312–64 BCE. The Persians regained control under the Parthians, although they were continued to be heavily influenced by the Greeks. The Parthian Dynasty (170 BCE–224 CE) was ruled by the Arsacids, named for the founder Arsaces I, leader of the Parni (an east Iranian tribe) who took control of the former Persian satrapy of Parthia. In 224 CE, Ardashir I, the first king of the final pre-Islamic Persian dynasty, the city-building Sassanids or Sassanians defeated the last king of the Arsacid dynasty, Artabanus V, in battle. Ardashir came from the (southwestern) Fars province, near Persepolis. Naqsh-e Rustam Although the founder of the Persian empire Cyrus the Great was buried in a built tomb at his capital of Pasargadae, the body of his successor Darius the Great was placed in a rock-cut tomb at the site of Naqsh-e Rustam (Naqs-e Rostam). Naqsh-e Rustam is a cliff face, in Fars, about 4 miles northwest of Persepolis. The cliff is the site of four royal tombs of the Achaemenids: the other three burials are copies of Dariuss tomb and thought to have been used for other Achaemenid kings—the contents were looted in antiquity. The cliff has inscriptions and reliefs from pre-Achaemenid, Achaemenid, and Sasanian Periods. A tower (Kabah-i Zardusht, the cube of Zoroaster) standing in front of Dariuss tomb was built as early the first half of the 6th century BCE. Its original purpose is debated, but Inscribed on the tower are the deeds of the Sassanian king Shapur. Religion and the Persians There is some evidence that the earliest Achaemenid kings may have been Zoroastrian, but not all scholars are agreed. Cyrus the Great was known for his religious tolerance with regard to the Jews of the Babylonian Exile, according to inscriptions on the Cyrus Cylinder and existing documents in the Old Testament of the Bible. Most of the Sassanians espoused the Zoroastrian religion, with varying levels of tolerance for non-believers, including the early Christian church. End of the Empire By the sixth century CE, conflicts grew stronger between the Sasanian dynasty of the Persian Empire and the increasingly powerful Christian Roman Empire, involving religion, but primarily trade and land wars. Squabbles between Syria and other contested provinces led to frequent, debilitating border disputes. Such efforts drained the Sassanians as well as the Romans who were also ending their empire. The spread of Sasanian military to cover the four sections (spahbeds) of the Persian empire (Khurasan, Khurbarà £n, Nimroz, and Azerbaijan), each with its own general, meant that troops were too thinly spread to resist the Arabs. The Sassanids were defeated by Arab caliphs in the mid-7th century CE, and by 651, the Persian empire was ended. Sources Brosius, Maria. The Persians: An Introduction. London; New York: Routledge 2006.Curtis, John E., ed. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Print.Daryaee, Touraj. The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity. Journal of World History 14.1 (2003): 1–16. Print.Ghodrat-Dizaji, Mehrdad. Administrative Geography of the Early Sasanian Period: The Case of Adurbadagan. Iran 45 (2007): 87–93. Print.Magee, Peter, et al. The Achaemenid Empire in South Asia and Recent Excavations at Akra in Northwest Pakistan. American Journal of Archaeology 109.4 (2005): 711–41.Potts, D. T., et al. Eight Thousand Years of History in Fars Province, Iran. Near Eastern Archaeology 68.3 (2005): 84–92. Print.Stoneman, Richard. How Many Miles to Babylon? Maps, Guides, Roads, and Rivers in the Expeditions of Xenophon and Alexander. Greece and Rome 62.1 (2015): 60–74. Print.

Introduction to Marketing Free Essays

Primary Questionnaires: Questionnaires consist of a list of questions that can be used to obtain feedback such as a spoc which is used at colleges to find out information such as if a student is enjoying their course etc. The Oldham College recently gave all of the students a spoc which was to get their feedback about the college for e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now if they feel safe and satisfied by their course. By doing a spoc the college is able to find out how many students are satisfied with their course, tutors and so on; this helps the college as they can use their research to see who’s happy and who isn’t, thereon they are able to make changes if necessary for their market plan. Suggestion box: A suggestion box is a box that is used for people to put suggestions inside, this is a good way for a college to get and consider suggestions as people may want to make their suggestions anonymously. The Oldham College students are able to make suggestions to the college through their suggestion box; if the majority of the students make the same suggestion then the college could consider making changes in their marketing plan. Student reps: The students union of The Oldham College are able to talk with each other and hear out the students suggestions, ideas and any complaints there may be; therefore they are there to put forth suggestions or complaints on behalf of the students, if the college feels that the suggestions made are necessary or that it may be of benefit they could consider making changes to their marketing plan to satisfy their students. Secondary Gov stats: Government statistics are official data collected from colleges, schools etc. which is released to the public; a person can then see which college has better success rates and how many people join them and so on. When government statistics are released showing the achievements and how  many students are joining the different colleges such as their competitor’s, this helps The Oldham College to evaluate their different aspects; this allows them to take good measures. Newspapers: Newspapers are a good way of collecting data, such as how colleges advertise their courses to the public; when competitors advertise courses in the newspapers and/or magazines The Oldham College is able to see what kind of courses they advertise and how; for e.g. if it’s plain text or images and so on. This gives them an idea of what courses are mainly being advertised and will help their marketing plan as they can do the same or do it and improve their advertising compared to their competitors. Competitor’s website: A competitors website can be looked at by its rival such as The Oldham College as they can see their competitor’s website to gather data from them such as what courses they offer and how they advertise their courses through their website; this helps The Oldham College’s marketing plan as they are able to see if there is any way they can improve their way of advertising and even their website with the aim of attracting new students to the college, this would be done through making changes to their existing marketing plan. How to cite Introduction to Marketing, Essays Introduction to Marketing Free Essays What is marketing? Marketing is the function that connects businesses to their target audiences’ needs. It is how a business presents and distributes their product to their audience. For example, a business can market their product by advertising it to the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be seen in many forms of media; such as: on television, via web, posters or on billboards. Marketing is the management procedure in which the product or service is moves from concept to the customer. It includes the co-ordination of the 4 P’s of marketing: product, price, placement and promotion. [tutor2u.net] The concepts of marketing Production The production concept is when businesses are more focused on making profit from their sales; the quality isn’t necessarily important as the company’s main concern is making sales. For instance, supermarkets such as Sainsbury’s and Tesco distribute their own products to the public. The production of products is also kept at a low cost. Product The product concept is when businesses focuses more on the quality of the product rather than how many of them are being sold. The business is more concerned with the high standards of the product set by customers and is prioritised. For example, smartphones have become more popular within society because of their many features. Selling The selling concept is when businesses are concerned with promoting a product even further to increase sales. For example, Coca-Cola advertises the same products over and over again; they introduced names to target people with that certain name. Marketing The marketing concept is when a business allows their customers to decide on the features of their product or service, before it is created. A business would use market research and use research development to discover the customers’ needs and wants for a product/service. Aims and objectives of two contrasting businesses Private sector business: Apple Inc. Apple’s objectives are to continuously sell the same products that are of high standards and quality. Market leadership in Apple Market leadership is when a business has the most customers/users due to their sales or service. Steve Jobs suggested these techniques to assist in becoming a market leader Be in possession of and have control over the relevant technology Take in and implement better technologies immediately as soon as they have availability, regardless of whether or not there are organisations using them beforehand Create new technologies/products before anyone else and make it an industry standard Brand awareness in Apple Apple raises brand awareness by creating adverts and allowing their stocks to be released online. This can be effective because potential customers will know whether not to purchase a product based on the stocks. Perceptions of customers in Apple Customers of Apple are aware of the product by seeing advertisement and by live streaming press conferences that are held by Apple. The effectiveness of live press conferences is that the potential customers will know what features the product has. Public sector business: National Health Service (NHS) Their aims are to aid people who are applicable to use their service. They are non-profit and are Governmental, which means that the Government funds the NHS by using a portion tax-payers’ money. Market leadership in the NHS The National Health Service is the only health service that is free in the country. This makes it the market leader. Awareness in the NHS One way in which the NHS raises awareness is by endorsements from the news or magazines. This can be effective because the news is something the majority of the public intakes. Perceptions of users in the NHS Users of the NHS become aware of this industry via real-life happenings. Some of these perceptions can be negative; as recently, a celebrity received a free surgery which wasn’t life threatening in any way. It wasted tax-payers’ money and the majority of the nation was unimpressed by this. How to cite Introduction to Marketing, Essays

Finance for Behavioural and Asymmetric Composition-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinance for Behavioural and Asymmetric Composition. Answer: Evaluating the occurrence of short run IPO under-pricing in Australia and US by contrasting the results with empirical study conducted on Hong Kong: The theories comprising of behavioural and asymmetric composition can be identified, as the measure fulfilling the viability of IPO under-pricing in US and Australian market. Moreover, the asymmetric theory indicates that information distribution is not adequately conducted among investors and companies, as it allows the investor to gain abnormal gains. Moreover, the behavioural theory indicates the willingness of the investor to investment in a stock during their IPOs. Hence, the combination of both asymmetric and behavioural theory directly supports that presence of IPO under-pricing, as it allows the investor to generate high rate of return from investment. The investors with the right information forces the price of IPO down to maximise the returns that is generated from investment. Hence, it could be understood that both asymmetric and behavioural theory supports the presence of under-pricing of IPO shares in US and Australian stock market. The empirical research mainly focuses on determining the overall under-pricing of initial public offerings which is been conducted in Hong Kong stock market. The research paper uses the overall duration of 10 years to identify the implications and impact of under-pricing on initial public offerings, while detecting its presence in the Hong Kong stock market. Identifying the presence of under-pricing measure used in Hong Kong stock market could relevantly help in understanding its presence in Australian and US stock market (Chong, Yuan and Yan 2010). The research estimates the average IPOs and pricing level in Hong Kong stock market to detect presence of under-pricing in the stock market. In this context, Boulton, Smart and Zutter (2017) stated that with the under-pricing of IPOs the underwriter is able to attract more investors during the IPO initiation and effectively free float shares of the organisation. From the early valuation of the research it could be identified that 16.6% of the 92 IPOs were on an average underpriced, directly indicate its presence in the Hong Kong stock market. Moreover, Beck (2017) stated that the IPO under-pricing is a relatively high in developing countries in comparison to developed countries, as investors are keen on increasing the profits from the initial public offering. The researcher also evaluated the short run abnormal returns that are generated from the IPO under-pricing in Hong Kong stock market. This would eventually help in satisfying the statement regarding the presence of under-pricing of IPOs. The researcher collectively uses dependent variables such as the closing price of IPOs first day trading, which is used in understanding the difference between the initial price and the closing price of a particular stock (Chong, Yuan and Yan 2010). Second dependent is also used in the research, which comprises of data from first 7 trading days and firs t 15 trading days for detecting the overall presence of under-pricing in IPOs. The explanatory variables are also used in the research for identifying the impact of under-pricing in determining the overall share price of IPOs. With the use of geometric mean the overall returns and annual growth of a particular stock can be identified, which might allow investors to increase the level of returns from investment. The researcher has a relatively used regression analysis to identify the significance of the values derived from the calculation. The researcher also evaluates that the Four Big Firms conducts the IPO valuation and selling in the stock market. The calculations mainly state that IPO selling conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG is much accurate on Hong Kong, as compared to the evaluations conducted by Ernst Young and Deloitte Touche (Chong, Yuan and Yan 2010). The empirical research also indicated that there is a presence of under-pricing of IPL during the initial stage, where low price shares are provided to investors to complete the share selli ng process. The low cost shares provided to investors relatively allows the company to sell of their issues for generating the required level of capital (Francis 2017). From the overall evaluation, it could be identified that IPO under-pricing level in Hong Kong stock market is at the levels of 16.8%, which has a relatively small magnitude of an uprising in comparison to other countries (Chong, Yuan and Yan 2010). Moreover, the shares related to A-Category are less impacted with the under-pricing process, while the B-Category stock is highly impacted by the under-pricing process. Therefore, from the evaluation of the empirical research it could be understood that developed countries have less impact of under-pricing during initial public offerings as compared to developing countries. However, the presence of enterprising for short duration is the relatively present in the Hong Kong stock market as evaluated from the empirical research. Hence, from the valuation of Hong Kong stock market it could be identified that both US and Australian stock market conduct IPO under-pricing for short duration. Consequently, the occurrence of short-run IP on the pricing in the Australian market would eventually hamper the company's ability to raise the level of capital to support its operational plans. This under-pricing is essential for both the investors and companies to benefit from the initial investment conducted during the IPO session (Morricone et al. 2017). The research directly shows that in case of developed countries, the under-pricing impact is less, while developing countries have high impact of short run under-pricing in its stock market, which benefits the initial investors and allow them to generate higher returns from investment. Reference and Bibliography: Beck, J., 2017. Determinants of IPO Underpricing: Tech vs Non-Tech Industries.Major Themes in Economics,19(1), pp.39-55. Boulton, T.J., Smart, S.B. and Zutter, C.J., 2017. Conservatism and international IPO underpricing.Journal of International Business Studies,48(6), pp.763-785. Chong, T.T.L., Yuan, S. and Yan, I.K.M., 2010. An examination of the underpricing of H-share IPOs in Hong Kong.Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies,13(04), pp.559-582. Francis, B., 2017.The Information Environment of the Firm and IPO Underpricing(Doctoral dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute). Kotlar, J., Signori, A., De Massis, A. and Vismara, S., 2017. Financial wealth, socioemotional wealth and IPO underpricing in family firms: A two-stage gamble model.Academy of Management Journal, pp.amj-2016. Morricone, S., Munari, F., Oriani, R. and De Rassenfosse, G., 2017. Commercialization Strategy and IPO Underpricing.Research Policy,46(6), pp.1133-1141.